PVX病毒载体介导2种马铃薯Y病毒科病毒VPg蛋白表达诱导烟草叶片系统坏死的研究

芜菁花叶病毒（Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV）和槟榔坏死环斑病毒（Areca plam necrotic ringspot virus, ANRSV）是马铃薯Y病毒科（Potyviridae）中分别可诱导十字花科作物和槟榔产生坏死病症的2种不同属病毒。VPg（Viral protein genome linked）作为与马铃薯Y病毒科病毒基因组5′端的结合蛋白,在病毒复制、翻译和运动等侵染过程中发挥重要作用。本研究利用In-Fusion克隆策略分别构建了可表达3′端融合Strep蛋白标签序列的ANRSV和TuMV VPg全长编码基因的马铃薯X病毒（Potato virus X, PVX）载体pPVX-VPg-AR和pPVX-VPg-Tu。通过农杆菌渗透注射接种本生烟（Nicotiana benthamiana）,利用RT-PCR、Strep蛋白标签亲和层析和Western blot等方法证明了PVX病毒载体能够介导VPg-AR和VPg-Tu蛋白在本生烟中系统表达,且发现这2种VPg蛋白的过量表达诱导本生烟叶片产生了不同程度的系统性坏死病症。进一步采用DAB和NBT染色,在产生坏死症状叶片中检测到大量活性氧（reactive oxygen species, ROS）的积累。因此,推测VPg可能是TuMV和ANRSV诱发植物病症产生的一个决定因子,为后续研究这2种病毒诱导症状形成机制奠定了基础。     

Assessing seed desiccation responses of native trees in the Caribbean

New Forests - Native trees from the Caribbean were tested for seed desiccation responses, by adapting the “100-seed test” protocol. Ninety-seven seed lots of 91 species were collected...     

Prediction of Genetic Gain in Sweet Corn using Selection Indexes

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The cultivation of sweet corn is expanding in Brazil, but there are serious constraints about the availability of commercial cultivars. The selection of...     

Proteomic profiles during adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus species relevant to the cellulose industry

New Forests - Adventitious rooting (AR) is an obligatory step for vegetative propagation of commercial woody species. Paper industries have interest in Eucalyptus globulus Labill and its hybrids...     

化控处理时期对玉米植株-根系形态及产量的影响

为进一步明确化控处理时期对玉米冠层、根系形态及产量的影响,2017和2018年在吉林省西部开展2年大田试验,供试品种为‘富民985’,2年均喷施乙烯利类型的化控试剂;其中2017年种植密度为7万和9万株/hm~2,在8和10叶期(T(8+10))、8和16叶期(T(8+16))分别进行化控处理;2018年在8叶期(T(8))、8和16叶期(T(8+16))、16叶期(T(16))分别进行化控处理,种植密度为6和9万株/hm~2。结果表明:1)玉米增密后,倒伏率增加;化控处理可缩短植株节间长,降低株高和穗位高,降低倒伏率,其中T(8+16)处理最为显著;2)化控处理后穗位以上叶片叶面积呈现下降趋势,其中T(8+16)处理能够降低15%以上,从而提高透光率,利于下层叶片进行光合作用;3)化控处理增加玉米根系投影面积和最大扩展宽度,降低顶部夹角,使根系更加平展,增强抗倒伏能力,其中T(8+16)处理效果较为理想;4)T(8+16)处理能增加玉米产量,其中2017年T(8+16)处理与CK相比增加6.5%的产量。所以在玉米群体结构建成的8～9和15～16叶期,运用乙烯利类型化控试剂2次,能够改善穗上群体结构,增强茎秆和根系的抗倒伏能力,维持后期群体结构物质生产能力,提高玉米产量。     

花期前后高温对玉米花粉发育及结实率的影响

为明确花期不同梯度高温对玉米开花特性和花粉活力的影响,以热敏感基因型玉米品种‘驻玉309’为试验材料,于花期(吐丝前8d～吐丝后8d)进行不同程度高温(31、34和37℃)处理,测定受精结实率、雄穗性状、开花时间、花粉活力及花粉超显微结构,分析生育期前后的高温对受精结实、开花特性及花粉活力的影响。结果表明,花期高温胁迫显著降低玉米受精结实率,对抽雄吐丝间隔期无显著影响,但盛花期提前;极端高温则导致玉米抽雄期显著提前、开花期和盛花期延后,抽雄吐丝间隔期延长;花期高温使花粉粒形态皱缩、萌发孔内陷,显著降低花粉活力,且温度越高,花粉活力降低幅度越大。因此,花期前后高温通过影响玉米影响雄穗开花特性、延长抽雄吐丝间隔期、影响花粉粒形态、降低花粉活力,从而降低玉米的小花受精率和籽粒结实率。     

The use of infrared spectroscopy and machine learning tools for detection of Meloidogyne infestations

Plant parasitic nematodes are generally soilborne pathogens that attack plants and cause economic losses in many crops. The infested plants show nonspecific symptoms or, often, are symptomless; therefore, diagnosis is performed by taking soil and root tissue samples. Here, we show that a combination of different infrared spectra analysis and machine learning algorithms can be used to detect plant parasitic nematode infestations before symptoms become visible, using leaves instead of roots and soil as samples. We found that tomato and guava plants infested with Meloidogyne enterorlobii produced different spectral patterns compared to uninfested plants. Using partial spectra from 1,450 to 900/cm as the "fingerprint region", principal component analyses indicated that after 5 (tomatoes) or 8 weeks (guava), plants with no visible symptoms of infestations were positively diagnosed. To improve the early detection response, we used machine learning modelling. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to obtain more robust, accurate models. The SVM model contained 34 support vectors, 17 for each level. The overall performance of the model was >97% and the total accuracy was significantly higher, demonstrating the absence of chance prediction. The best prediction of infestation was obtained at the second and fourth weeks for tomatoes and guavas, respectively, reducing the diagnostic time by half. The combined application of these techniques reduces the processing time from field to laboratory and shows enormous advantages by avoiding root and soil sampling.     

Agriculturally productive yet biodiverse: human benefits and conservation values along a forest-agriculture gradient in Southern Ethiopia

Landscape Ecology - It remains unclear how agricultural landscapes can best serve multiple purposes such as simultaneously maintaining agricultural productivity and conserving biodiversity. Our...     

The scale of landscape effect on seed dispersal depends on both response variables and landscape predictor

Landscape Ecology - Landscape structure can affect seed dispersal, but the spatial scale at which such effect is maximized (scale of effect, SoE) is unknown. We assessed patterns and predictors of...